China and Kenya break new ground for Global South cooperation

By: Azhar Azam

At the invitation of Chinese President Xi Jinping, Kenyan President William Ruto is in China to learn from "China's remarkable journey of transformation in governance, economic development and global leadership" and also discuss bilateral relations and regional and global issues of mutual interest.

The meeting between the two presidents on Thursday resulted in an agreement to upgrade bilateral to a new level and develop an all-weather China-Africa community. They also agreed to strengthen cooperation in diverse areas, including trade, investment, industry, agriculture, green development and infrastructure connectivity, including within the framework of Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The two countries will also oppose unlawful unilateral tariffs, decoupling attempts, tariff barriers and technology blockade.

U.S. President Donald Trump's virulent tariffs are threatening Kenya's attempts to navigate domestic economic headwinds. Against this backdrop, Ruto's visit is a bid to bolster economic, political and strategic relations with the second-largest economy in the world in order to cope with the new challenges.

Ruto's key objectives are to reinvigorate the comprehensive strategic partnership with China and secure investments for infrastructure, health, manufacturing, information and communication technology and green energy and agriculture to accelerate Kenya's transformation through increased trade with the Global South, BRI-built infrastructure and agriculture modernization.

The BRI has made a transformative impact on Kenya's development and people's quality of life. Projects including the Standard Gauge Railway, Lamu Port project, Mombasa oil terminal and Nairobi Expressway have improved connectivity and promoted integration not only in Kenya but also in East and Central Africa.

China is Kenya's largest trading partner. In the first quarter of 2025, bilateral trade increased 11.9 percent to more than $2.2 billion. Chinese goods such as home appliances, electrical components and construction machinery have benefited Kenyan consumers and infrastructure development; China's agriculture imports from Kenya, ranging from avocado to tea, are boosting the livelihoods of Kenyan farmers. The Kenya Tea Holding Center in Fujian, inaugurated by Rato, will further support small Kenyan farmers and reinforce the country's footprint in Asia.

Ruto also witnessed the signing of several investment deals with Chinese companies. They include agreements to establish a special economic zone, construct warehouses and factories for textile, garments and solar energy in Kenya, increase steel production, and produce smart equipment. These will inject much-needed capital, generate thousands of jobs, and support a manufacturing- and technology-driven growth in Kenya.

Ruto's visit, dubbed as a landmark diplomatic and development achievement in Kenya, saw memorandums of understandings across a wide range of sectors such as the blue economy, fisheries and maritime affairs, and the digital economy. These cooperation deals will empower coastal communities, promote research and technological exchanges, hasten digital transition and increase exports, fortifying Kenya's poverty alleviation efforts. They will also help combat climate change.

China also supports the African Union's Trans-Africa Highway Network, which will facilitate socio-economic growth, promote inter-regional integration, create regional economic hubs and generate jobs. Kenya's geostrategic profile has been significantly boosted due to the network, making it a global hub of logistics, trade, and allied services.

As Beijing and other Global South countries solidify cooperation, the Trump administration is trying to coerce African economies to strike deals with the U.S. The newly-appointed U.S. Senior Advisor to Africa Massad Boulos and Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs Corina Sanders recently traveled to the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Rwanda, Kenya and Uganda.

Though the trip was showcased as an attempt to bring peace and economic opportunities to the Great Lakes region, the actual motive is to secure Africa's critical minerals. Such endeavors to impose the U.S. peace plan on other countries and undermine their interests are counterproductive for the region's stability.

At a pivotal time when the U.S. is pursuing a radically protectionist "America First" policy and aid cuts – raising fears of pushing another six million Africans into extreme poverty – China and Kenya have committed to enhance the representation of developing countries. This effort to support each other's development and defend the multilateral system is a collective response to the U.S. economic extremism.

*My article that first appeared in "CGTN"

Trump's 'Obliteration Day' tariffs will only strengthen China's resolve

By: Azhar Azam

As economists and analysts challenge the prudence behind U.S. President Donald Trump's sweeping tariffs on China, the U.S. president has cranked up the heat, which will however leave ordinary Americans and his voters reeling from high inflation amid steep interest rates.

The Trump administration ramped up tariffs on Beijing to an unprecedented 145 percent when China responded with 84 percent retaliatory tariffs, forcing the world's biggest manufacturer to retaliate further with 125 percent levy on U.S. goods.

Economists and analysts warn that Beijing has built a largely trade war-proof economy over the decades and U.S. consumers will feel the pinch of Trump's salvo. China mostly exports consumer goods such as computers, gaming consoles, smartphones and toys to the U.S. and imports primarily industrial and manufacturing supplies, like aircraft, fossil fuels and soybean.

While China can absorb some of the price increases for U.S. goods before they are passed on to consumers or diversify much of its imports, Americans would struggle to find alternatives to China-made products. "If the world is settling in for a long trade war, Trump's most formidable rival has already fortified itself," an article in Bloomberg concluded.

Trump's global tariff spree has unnerved small and large businesses, and his voters. Those who voted him to revitalize the economy and get them jobs, not commit an economic suicide, are bracing for shock effects, including mass layoffs. Many are regretting their support, worrying that this "economic nuclear winter" would eat up their life savings at home, in banks or in stock markets.

One of Trump's overarching goals is to bring manufacturing back to the U.S. but he is mistaken. For instance, economists caution that footwear giant Nike, despite tariffs, won't shift production to make sneakers in America. Instead, it would redirect its sale to other countries like China.

Trump's tariff blitz has been called "worse than the worst-case scenario" and a "fundamental misunderstanding of how trade works," with critics grilling him for undermining the competitiveness of 140 million non-manufacturing workers.

The trade war has and continues to strengthen China. Notwithstanding the strenuous campaigns of successive U.S. administrations to hobble the Chinese economy, the country's export competitiveness has improved. In 2024, Beijing posted a record trade surplus of around $1 trillion from $823 billion in 2023. The astonishing growth indicates that Beijing, albeit facing some challenges, can weather a trade war.

Beijing has refused to cave in to the U.S. bullying, dubbing Trump's newest threat a "mistake on top of a mistake." Trump's extortionist-like approach has also been condemned by other world leaders, who have called his actions "deeply regrettable" and "brutal and unfounded."

Levies may affect China in the short-term but in the long run, they will help accelerate China's economic transition. For example, consumption in China is estimated to be around 60 percent of the national GDP, compared to the U.S.'s 70 percent to 80 percent. By revving up consumer spending, China may make up for the lost U.S. exports and march toward more self-reliance for growth.

Thanks to a number of government policies, consumption has been steadily climbing in China. Recent research showed that in the first quarter of 2025, indices measuring offline consumption, small commodity market operations, daily-life service and the leisure and entertainment industry all grew substantially, injecting a new vitality into the country's consumption market.

According to findings released by the U.S. National Retail Federation, a 60 percent blanket tax on Chinese goods is estimated to cost U.S. consumers between $46 billion and $78 billion in spending power. An escalation of the trade war will send them into uncharted waters.

Beijing is forecast to import record quantities of soybean in the April-June period. But with China's retaliation, U.S. farmers are slated to lose their biggest export market, a market that will not be easy to replace. As planting season nears in several U.S. regions, the tariff war has made American farmers fearful.

Economists and investors say Trump's "Liberation Day" will go down in history as "Ruination Day" and "Obliteration Day." It has put Boeing especially in a vulnerable position against rivals as China's retaliatory duties will significantly increase the cost of its aircraft. This blow will be hard, given that the American airplane manufacturer has projected a demand of 8,830 new planes in China through 2043. Boeing's loss could mean opportunities for China's home-grown large passenger aircraft C919.

Like its predecessor, Trump's second trade war would also be problematic. His "massive geostrategic mistake" presents an opportunity for China. By boosting consumption, fostering "industries of the future" such as embodied artificial intelligence, bio-manufacturing, and 6G technology, capitalizing on its lead in clean energy and electrical vehicles, and strengthening economic and trade cooperation with other countries, Beijing can blunt the impact of Trump's unparalleled aggression and sustain its pace of economic rejuvenation.

*Mr article that first appeared in CGTN:

World's future lies in multipolarization and multilateralism

By: Azhar Azam

In his keynote address at the "China in the World" event of the 61st Munich Security Conference, China's Foreign Minister Wang Yi said China's answer to the question whether multipolarity will bring chaos, conflict and confrontation as well as domination by major countries and the strong bullying the weak, is, "We should work for an equal and orderly multipolar world," abide by the UN Charter and respect international rule of law without double standard. It is important to practice multilateralism and pursue openness and mutual benefit.

As political and economic liberalism, which shaped the post-World War II era marked by U.S. hegemony, continues to crumble under the rise of national populism in many Western democracies, Wang's emphasis on pursuing cooperation and pledge that China will be a steadfast constructive force offers valuable insights on tackling common world challenges.

The developing nations in the Global South widely consider Washington as incapable of tackling global challenges and major conflicts due to the double standard it displays when it comes to applying equal norms of accountability to all. And they are justified, given that America, which contravened international law and the UN Charter repeatedly in the past, is now trying to breach Ukraine's territorial integrity – just as it did in Iraq in 2003 – to suit its own interests.

China is regarded as the "most prominent and powerful" advocate of a multipolar order. Beijing's principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of other sovereign countries and respect for the diversity of civilizations have been well-received internationally. However, the West fears it is rallying the Global South's support to reform the global order in order to replace the dominance of Western developed nations with its own.

China is a strong advocate of peaceful resolution of conflicts and disputes and when facilitating talks between rival countries has also ensured that the hard-won peace is sustained. For instance, after brokering the historic rapprochement between Iran and Saudi Arabia in 2023 that sparked a wave of reconciliation in the Middle East, it is now ensuring implementation of the China-Iran-Saudi Arabia Beijing Agreement.

It was a notable achievement of the Beijing-proposed Global Security Initiative, which underlines respecting the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all countries, promotes true multilateralism, and calls on major nations to uphold the authority of the UN and its status as the main platform for global security governance.

U.S. President Donald Trump's talk about buying Greenland from Denmark and the Panama Canal and making Canada America's 51st state is making political analysts perceive Washington as not "an anchor of stability, but rather a risk to be hedged against." His announcement of "buying and owning Gaza" and displacing Gazans has strengthened that perception. The mentality of seeing the world as U.S. property will have serious implications for global security, setting a dangerous precedent for others to annex the territories of smaller, weaker states.

The perception in the past that America upholds global stability by leading a rules-based international order changed gradually as American interventions generated "more ill will than goodwill" in many parts of the world, becoming a symbol of hypocritical posturing and double standard. Washington's weaponization of the concept against its geopolitical rivals and repeated violations of international law have bolstered this impression.

The notion of a rule-based international order is losing credibility with the U.S. seeking to construct a bloc of like-minded states with the objective of imposing its will on the rest of the world.

The prospect of a multipolar world is far from appetizing to a unilateralist power tending to fuel conflicts and tensions, shunning channels of economic and peace dialogues, and following protectionist and imperialist policies. These actions have weakened global institutions and deprived developing nations of their rights.

In a polycentric system, based on the UN Charter and international law, regional powers have the opportunity to become leading geopolitical actors. Wang's suggestion is that equal rights, equal opportunities and equal rules should become the basic principles of a multipolar world. That will democratize international relations and incorporate the Global South into international bodies, giving more economic and strategic stability to a turbulent world.

Unilateralism has failed to develop a common approach to global problems, undermining international cooperation even in areas of shared interests. Multilateralism holds the potential to maintain peace in the world, improve the quality of people's lives and resolve global challenges such as climate change and health crisis.

Multilateralism encompasses inclusivity, equality and cooperation and fostering a more prosperous, secure and sustainable world and is the world's future, as indicated in the Munich Security Report 2025.

China's commitment to a multipolar world and multilateralism isn't aimed at displacing America; it simply seeks to empower the developing nations too so that they can assume greater responsibility internationally. China's intention is to develop broad cooperation between developing and developed countries, including the U.S., and to combat real challenges such as conflicts, economic regression and climate change that threaten international stability and the very existence of mankind.

*My article that first appeared in "CGTN"