October 5, 2016

Pak-Sino-Russo: A Formidable Triangle in Making


As Middle East continues to tingle over US-Russia tussle in Syria; South Asia is quickly emerging into a new geo-politics dais for global powers, particularly United States aiming to contain growing influence of China in the region.

United States conveyed its dissent the moment Pakistan signed various memorandum of understanding (MOU) with China in wake of Silk Road initiatives, purely intended to seek its economic growth by a chain of energy and infrastructure projects, dubbed as China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC).

In discontent, United States radically reformed its regional strategy to mend ties with India and maneuver India to confront both China and Pakistan as Pakistan provides China the passage to potentially touch 65-nations, 4.4 billion people and control nearly 30% of the global economy.

Pakistan, underlying United States’ inclination to India, Indian sponsored terror attacks in Pakistan through Afghanistan soil, and shallow Indian efforts to isolate Pakistan diplomatically, moved to Kremlin, forming new global strategic formations. Pakistan is now strategically well placed with off course China, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Russia.

Afghanistan, said to be a “Graveyard of Empires”, is yet to be settled out and India’s role in Afghanistan is inconsequential. It is a land-lock country and the only way the United States can exit its assets from Afghanistan is through northern areas of Pakistan.

Though current Afghanistan government is pro-India but geographically India cannot access Afghanistan without Pakistan so it is next to impossible for India to insert an active role in Afghanistan. Moreover, Afghans have resisted against foreign occupation and interference so United States must need Pakistan, not India, to devise a workable plan in Afghanistan.

India failed to realize the long-term consequences distanced itself from its major global ally, Russia, to execute the US plans in return of trade, strategic, and defense cooperation such as (Logistics Exchange and Memorandum of Agreement (LEMAO), Defense Technology and Trade Initiative (DTTI), Strategic and Commercial Dialogue (S&CD), and Major Defense Partner (MDP).

India now gets closer to United States, lagging its oldest partner Russia behind who supported India across all sectors including regional and international issues since 1947. This Indian duplicity naturally dismayed Russia and unleashed an inevitable vacuum in the region and forced Russia to align with Pakistan, its cold war rival.

Both the countries have already signed a historic agreement for construction of North-South gas pipeline by 2020 for supply of 12.4 billion cubic meters per annum with an investment of US $2-$2.5 billion.

This project will follow the BOOT (Build Own Operate Transfer) model which would mean that the project will be built and operated by the manufacturer for 25 years and the company will earn revenue for gas deliveries to recover its investments and return on investment (ROI) afterwards the project will be handed over to government of Pakistan.

The deal will open windows of business opportunities for Russia in multiple non-oil sectors of not only Pakistan but also its allying countries in the region.

After a spate of high-level visits by Pakistan armed forces, both countries have also signed a defense agreement where Russia will provide Mi-35 “Hind-E” attack helicopters Pakistan aiming at military-to-military relationship. At his visit to Moscow last year, army chief General Raheel Sharif spent about 16 hours at an arms expo near Moscow and seemingly has been highly impressive while his inspection of the weapon systems and the live demonstrations.

The addition of Mi-35 attack helicopters would certainly boost the military capability of Pakistan to counter internal and external threats. Furthermore, Russia also played a vital role in assigning membership of Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) to Pakistan.

Then there is “Friendship 2016”, first ever joint military exercise between Russia and Pakistan. Other significance of these military drills is that these have been conducted at a time when Pakistan-India relations are at nail-biting point following Uri attack.

Russia, China’s ally, snubbing Indian plea to cancel the exercise or at-least postpone in support of India, sent its troops to Pakistan. This event hence changes the geo-political equation in the region especially when Turkey and Saudi Arabia bear strategic and diplomatic assaults by the United States whereas Iran, an ally of both Russia and China, has shown intent to join CPEC.

Indian analysts embarrassed by the Russian rebuff, term it as “an unfriendly act against India” and “utter Russian disregard for Indian political sensitivities.” “India needs to go in for a divorce from this Special Strategic Partnership which now exists only in name.”

“Russia did a U-TURN on its earlier declared intentions logically indicates that Russia has succumbed to Chinese pressure and China is Pakistan’s most vaunted strategic patron. Chinese pressure would have been intense on Russia so as to bail out Pakistan from a virtual global isolation.”

“Russian strategic and political pivot to the China-Pakistan Axis is strategic pivot to India’s two implacable enemies, namely China and Pakistan. ‘doubly reinforces’ Indian public perceptions that Russia has indulges in a well-calibrated unfriendly act against India and the Indian people.”

These quotes give a plain Indian frustration out of Russian move to downplay India and warm up towards Pakistan for bilateral defense cooperation. However the article does not spotlight on Indian abrupt spin to the United States away from Russia.

With China already a long lasting and trusted ally of Pakistan, the addition of Russia in the camp would shape a formidable triangle of Pak-Sino-Russo changing the dynamics of geo-political and geo-strategic positioning.

Pakistan on the other side has a close relationship with some of the influential Middle East countries lead by Saudi Arabia, so for Russia; it is not just Pakistan but also the Middle East is a potential future market to re-stabilize its economy which has been hit hard by western sanctions after Crimea annexation and falling oil prices in the world.