Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS)

By: Azhar Azam

What is PACS and How It Works
The “P” (Picture, the digital image) is used to “A” (Archiving, the soft/electronic storage of image) for “C” (Communication, the retrieval, sending & displaying of images) in the “S” (System, the dedicated computer network) is called PACS.

PACS is sophisticated array of hardware and software that not only generates archives for the storage of multi-modality images such as X-ray, Ultrasound, CT and MRI but it also displays and communicates images and patient information by integrating images with patient data base and facilitates laser printing of images through a complex network of computer.

The contemporary healthcare technology enables the clinicians to store, archive and display digital images to move from film-based archiving to digital acquisition and archiving (soft-copy storage), radically improving the workflow. The digital images are housed in PACS archives which work as “virtual film library”.

Current Standards, Cloud-Based PACS, RIS & VNA
The connection of various equipment types and modalities to a PACS is complex. Standards have been developed to ensure that all manufacturers and types of equipment are able to communicate and effectively transmit images and information. Current standards include DICOM (Digital Imaging Communications in Medicine) and HL7 (Health Care Level 7). Although standards may not always provide for an instantaneous functionality between devices, they do allow for resolution of connectivity problems.

A radiology PACS is frequently deployed alongside a radiology information system (RIS) that is used to schedule patient appointments and record a patient's radiology history, whereas PACS focuses more on image storage and retrieval.

A vendor neutral archive (VNA) can provide a single, consolidated archiving platform with which to host files from different PACS softwares. Larger healthcare systems with outdated or ineffective PACS software sometimes choose to implement an enterprise-wide VNA, rather than upgrading to a newer PACS.

Cloud-based PACS is a type of PACS architecture that stores and backs up a healthcare organization's medical imaging data in an offsite server, not within the organization's physical location. Users with permission to access medical images can do so at any time through the cloud PACS. Cloud PACS can also enable medical personnel to view medical imaging data from any of their approved devices.

Components of PACS
There are four major components of PACS structure that includes:

• Imaging modalities such as X-ray, Ultrasound, CT and MRI
• Secure online network for distribution and exchange of information
• Stationery and mobile workstations to access storage area of patient records and images
• A secure cloud or local server with capabilities of high definition of images and videos that could be accessed any time latter

The core elements in the system are ordinary hardware integrated with the advanced software and excellent bandwidth. All the equipment must be DICOM compliant, a protocol for handling, storing, printing, and transmitting information in medical imaging.

Advantages of PACS

• Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) is a valuable tool for healthcare organizations, enabling physicians to quickly and easily share enterprise medical imaging reports electronically.
• Even as they become a standard platform at most facilities, their usefulness is growing as options such as a vendor neutral archive and other options are available.
• PACS facilitates quick and easy access to patient images and reports. With PACS, tests can be performed anywhere and results can be shared electronically with other remote facilities. It also allows staff to remotely view images, submit reports, archive images and transport them if necessary via portable media.
• PACS’ digital images allow you to zoom in on images and manipulate them for better viewing and analysis. It can help reduce the number of duplicate images since previous results are available electronically, improving data management efficiency.
• PACS allows physicians to acquire a chronological view of patients’ radiology histories, facilitating the comparison of a number of previous studies.
• PACS has a number of add-ons available to make it even more user-friendly for staff and beneficial to patient care. Vendor Neutral Archives (VAN) allows you to better organize your stored imaging data, with a centralized, accessible system that’s agnostic to database, operating system, image generating device and infrastructure. Peer Review allows for a seamless, efficient review of radiology cases within a physician’s daily workflow.

Global PACS Market
According to GBI Research, the global PACS market was estimated at $2.9 billion and expected to grow at CAGR of 9% to surpass $5.3 billion by 2020 whereas Spearhead Acuity’s estimated market in 2014 was $4 billion with compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4% to reach $6.5 billion in 2019.

Global Industry Analysts, Inc. (GIA) however forecasts PACS market to reach at $7.1 billion by 2020, “driven by the acute need to effectively manage the growing volumes of imaging data and the ensuing emphasis on digitizing healthcare information”.

United States, Germany United Kingdom, France, Netherlands, Canada, Japan and Spain are the majority of the world’s developed economies where hospitals can afford to install PACS systems on a large scale. This can be interpreted into North America and Europe being the largest markets for Healthcare Information Technology (HIT) systems currently.

North America is the largest market for radiology PACS with a share of nearly 48% of the global market in 2014. The market is mainly driven by technological innovations, according to PRNewswire report.

“PACS is an innovative technology that has helped reduce the physical barriers associated with customary film-based image retrieval, distribution, and display. The system has widespread application in hospitals and clinics, as it eliminates the need of maintaining hard copies of images. It offers highly accurate and precise digital copies of medical images, which are efficiently managed in comparison to the traditional imaging systems. Cloud-based PACS solution is the latest market development that is expected to rise in the next 5 years,” according to MicroMarket Monitor.

Key Players
The major players in global PACS market are:

• Agfa Healthcare (Impax Agility)
• Brit Systems (Roentgen Files/Works)
• Carestream Health (Vue PACS)
• Cerner Corporation
• DR Systems (Unity PACS)
• FujiFilm (Synapse Radiology PACS)
• GE Healthcare (Centricity PACS)
• INFINITT Healthcare (Infinitt PACS)
• Intelerad Medical Systems Inc.
• Mckesson Corporation
• Merge Healthcare (Merge PACS)
• Mckesson Corporation
• Philips Healthcare (IntelliSpace PACS)
• Rogan-delft B.V.
• Siemens Healthcare (Syngo PACS)
• Sectra A.B. (Sectra PACS)

Sources: Medical Dealer, Health Imaging, Spearhead Acuity, Medical Imaging Talk Blog, Tech Target

Digital Shelving Conventional, Computed Radiography

By: Azhar Azam

Radiography now is transpiring a new beckon of innovation, digital, since 1895 when the German Physician, Wilhelm Rontgen, established that x-rays could pass through the tissues of human body to make bones and metals visible.

Digital radiography (DR) today is a budding revolution which is luring the global market stirringly by quickly swapping conventional radiography or even computed radiography (CR) systems with the help of flat panel detector (FPD), also known as x-ray detector or DR detector.

Digital Radiography Market
The global digital x-ray market is expected to reach $10.46 billion by 2020 from $6.15 billion in 2015 at CAGR of 11.2 percent. The market is dominated by North America followed by Europe, Asia and Rest of the World (RoW), according to MarketsandMarkets.

The major companies operating in this market are GE Healthcare UK), Philips Healthcare (Netherlands), Siemens Healthcare (Germany), Hitachi Medical Corporation (Japan), Toshiba Medical Systems Corporation (Japan) and Shimadzu Corporation (Japan), Hologic Inc. (USA), and Carestream Health (USA).

Besides there are also companies which offer DR retrofit solutions such as Thales Group (France), iRay Technology (China), Fujifilm Medical Systems (Japan), Konica Minolta (Japan), Canon Inc. (Japan), Vieworks (Korea), Agfa Healthcare (Belgium), PerkinElmer USA), and Varian Medical Systems (USA).

Flat Panel Detector (FPD)/DR Detector
DR is primarily based on panels called Flat Panel Detectors (FPDs) or DR Detector which upgrades your existing radiography or fluoroscopy system into complete digital solution in lower cost. It captures x-ray images and converts them into electronic data to display on computer in high resolution.

Advantages of FPD/DR Detector
It hence fosters radiographic workflow by providing quick image acquisition and display, superior image quality, lower radiation dose to patients, high image resolution accompanied by low sensitivity and low noise thereby easing clinicians to diagnose more conveniently and more distinctively.

Add-on feature of DR Detector is that the image could be shared with clinicians through PACS eliminating the cost of x-ray film and printer. Automatic Exposure Detection (AED) is another feature offered by some of the companies that can detect images without the need of cable connections between x-ray detector and x-ray generator.

There is an incessant contest among the said manufacturing companies from various countries to take control over the Digital Radiography (DR) market. China however is taking up the lead in the region due to decreased cost of purchasing FPDs with same features and specifications that of manufacturers in US or Europe.

DR Detector Types, Quality and Features
There is a layer of material inside every DR Detector called Scintillator and the two main chemical compounds used as Scintillator are Gadolinium Oxysulfide (Gadox/GOS) and Cesium Iodide (CsI).

The image quality of CsI panel is better than that of Gadox/GOS however it so feeble that only a professional can perceive this CsI advantage. However capturing an imaging with CsI requires lesser dose (10-30%) as compared to Gadox though it is not that hazardous though advantage is an advantage. The only area Gadox/GOS outshines is that it costs 20-30% less than the CsI though you have to compromise on extra dose and slight image quality.

Underlying better image quality and reduced patient dose, CsI panel is graded better than Gadox/GOS. Nonetheless Gadox panels are largely sold out throughout the world for being economical yet CSI panels are gradually breaking through as well. Nevertheless, both these chemical compounds are approved for use in diagnostic imaging and readily available in the marketplace.

Physical Parameters to DR Quality and Performance
Detective quantum efficiency (DQE) and Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) are two of the important checks to weigh the quality and performance of a digital radiography system or FPD.

Detective Quantum Efficiency (DQE) is the fundamental metric to evaluate the performance of digital radiography system related to image quality and the efficiency of a detector in converting incident x-ray energy into an image signal. It thus describes the ability to of an x-ray detector to produce high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). High DQE means that less radiation dose is required to achieve similar image quality so with constant radiation exposure, increased DQE will improve image quality. (Source: Radiopedia)

You may also read the abstract “Detective quantum efficiency: a standard test to ensure optimal detector performance and low patient exposures” by Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).

Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) is the spatial frequency response of an imaging system or a component. It is the contrast at a given spatial frequency relative to low frequencies. It is an important figure of merit of an imaging system that indicates its ability to capture, transfer, and display information about features with fine spatial detail.

On the radiogram, objects having different sizes and opacity are displayed with different gray-scale values. MTF is responsible for converting contrast values of different sized-objects into contrast intensity levels in the image (image contrast). For general imaging, the relevant details are in a range between 0 and 2 cycles/mm, which demands high MFT values.

In summary, MTF is the capacity of a detector to transfer the modulation of the input signal at a given spatial frequency to its output. MTF is a use full measure of a true or effective resolution, since it accounts for the amount of a blur and contrast over a range of spatial frequencies. (Source: Radiopedia)

DR slashes CR market by 25% in 2014

According to a report a IHS, market research and consulting firm, the market revenue of computed radiography (CR) market dipped by nearly 25% from 2013 to 2014. This major decline is primarily hit by the strong uptake of new flat panel digital (FPD) radiography.

It further forecasts that CR market in developed world is expected to decline continuously from 2015 to 2019 however it still has some demand in emerging markets such as parts of Latin America and Asia Pacific.

Understanding Panama Papers through Multidimensional Approach

By: Azhar Azam

The whole world is witnessing a burly din of snake-oil corporations managed by the proxies of existing and former state heads, their relatives, friends, sportsmen, sport bodies, celebrities and crime mafias.

The data submitted is about the clientele of Mossack Fonseca, a Panamanian law firm, by an undisclosed identity which investigated and publicized by International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) and Süddeutsche Zeitung (SZ), a German newspaper under project “Panama Papers”.

"As the tornado of Panama Papers spread, its aftershocks are expected to wobble the world for many months to come, even years. Here is a brief enlightenment of how this all this fuss initiated, concise background of the contributors, the data and the victims."

How It Started
In early 2015, Süddeutsche Zeitung (SZ), a German newspaper, starts receiving encrypted internal data of Mossack Fonseka, a Panamanian law firm, provides consultancy to integrate shadowy offshore companies to cover up their money, shifty or candid.

Mossack Fonseca
Mossack Fonseca owns a dozen of offices all over the world to sell shell companies in cities such as Zurich, London, and Hong Kong which assists you buy a shell company for as low as $1,000. Though owning an offshore company is not prejudice or illegal but as often the providers use proxies to conceal the name of clients like state heads or millionaires, it originates doubts and apprehensions.

At the same time, its clients also embrace criminals and individual from different mafias as well as money proceeds through bribery and corruption by assorted state heads. Also almost 200 politicians consisting of many ministers are counted in the clientage of the Mossack Fonseca.

Süddeutsche Zeitung
SZ is a known newspaper, is headquartered in Munich and has a viewership of about 4.4 million in both print and digital media. It has a team of investigation journalists of five members, three of which are the members of International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ).

In the next few months, the data acquired from the unidentified source reaches 2.6 terabytes demanding nothing in return except a few financial measures. This was the moment SZ decided to seek cooperation from ICIJ to get the data analyzed.

International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ)
This international cooperation between “Süddeutsche Zeitung (SZ)” and “International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ)” marked the beginning of “Panama Papers” which are leaked set of 11.5 million documents – “more than the combined total of Wikileaks Cablegate, Offshore Leaks, Lux Leaks, and Swiss Leaks”.

In a year or so, nearly 400 journalists from more than 80 countries associated with over 100 media organizations contributed to analyze and research the documents with the help of “the Guardian and the BBC in England, Le Monde in France, and La Nación in Argentina”. Besides these, SZ journalists also have cooperated with public broadcasters and journalists in Germany, Switzerland and Austria. The international team has some initial meetings in Washington, Munich, Lillehammer, and London to concoct the map towards the research loom.

The Data
Panama Paper also provided data about 214,000 companies including banks, legal firms and asset management companies which secretly manages the estates of world’s prominent personalities “from politicians, FIFA officials, fraudsters and drug smugglers, to celebrities and professional athletes” from Argentina, Ukraine, Russia, Iceland, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, United Kingdom, Austria, Brazil, Azerbaijan, Canada, United Arab Emirates, and many others.

Victims of Panama Papers
Icelandic Prime Minister Sigmundur Gunnlaugsson and Ukrainian Prime Minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk became the pioneer victims of Panama Papers who have to resign after losing public support whereas British Prime Minister David Cameron and Pakistan Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif are facing austere criticism demanding a resignation from opposition and public.

Panama Papers, the Ugly Side
When the entire media, public, and analysts are utterly relying on Panama Papers, a joint piece of International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) and Süddeutsche Zeitung, the German newspaper, there are some voices in credible media and intellect panning this story.

They are characterizing the report or papers as influenced, motivated and selective linking ICIJ and Mossack Fonseca as spongers of CIA and Mossad. China is one of those countries who condemned Panama Papers calling it a “Western Conspiracy” and has its censors has restricted access to the leaked cache of 11.5 million documents.

Global Times spots “powerful force is behind Panama Papers” criticizing western media immediately inking arresting information from the documents and leaders from non-western countries. There has been a media hype created as Putin himself is involved in scam on an allegation accusing his close friend to have laundered $1 billion.

The Western media has taken control of the interpretation each time there has been such a document dump, and Washington has demonstrated particular influence in it. Information that is negative to the US can always be minimized, while exposure of non-Western leaders, such as Putin, can get extra spin.

Vice terming it a mainstream media blockade to preventing the world to knowing the truth and all media attacks on Putin are bias. ICIJ is on the payroll of US government and is partnered with the Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project with the objective that all the Panama papers are a US hit on Russia

"We know this so-called journalistic community perfectly well, it is clear to us that a number of journalists who are part of it have hardly majored in journalism; there are many former representatives of the [US] State Department and the CIA, along with other intelligence agencies, Kremlin spokesperson."

Editor’s Note in Veterans Today slams Panama Papers terming it as the “new Wikileaks wannabe scam is playing out as we expected”. The journal displays ICIJ logo with caption “There are layers of smokescreens in this story”. It also claims to have contacted with Gerard Ryle of International Consortium of Journalists for an interview who is yet to respond.

“World media seems to never republish the gems of confessional material to be found in the Israeli media, especially the Hebrew platforms. Public record is treated like top secret material”.

“In digging into Assange’s background, we found him saying that Rupert Murdoch was “his hero and role model”, and he is as dirty as they come. We consider his entire media network an intelligence platform for the Israelis.”

Then the article “NEO – Panama Papers – The New Wikileaks Scam” discloses CIA and Mosssad are the primary clients of Mossach Fenseka and the data received “obscure” German newspaper. It reveals that the “dump” will now be capitalized “to blackmail some to protect others and documents, too many for anyone to examine or vet, have, for the last year, been seeded with fabrications and fictions just like WikiLeaks”.

“For those unaware, former National Security Advisor, Zbigniew Brzezinski, ousted WikiLeaks as a Mossad operation on December 5, 2010, while on National Public Radio with Judy Woodruff. Brzezinski asserted that WikiLeaks was run by an intelligence organization and its leaks were largely chickenfeed with fabricated material seeded into the mix.”

Craig Murray, a former British ambassador turned human rights activist, writes in his article “Corporate Media Gatekeepers Protect Western 1% From Panama Leak”:

“What do you expect? The leak is being managed by the grandly but laughably named “International Consortium of Journalists” which is funded and organized entirely by the USA’s Center for Public Integrity. Their funders include Ford Foundation, Carnegie Endowment, Rockefeller Family Fund, W.K. Kellogg Foundation, Open Society Foundation (Soros), among many others.”

“Do not expect a genuine expose of western capitalism. The dirty secrets of western corporations will remain unpublished”.

“The corporate media – the Guardian and BBC in the UK – have exclusive access to the database which you and I cannot see. They are protecting themselves from even seeing western corporations’ sensitive information by only looking at those documents which are brought up by specific searches such as UN sanctions busters. Never forget the Guardian smashed its copies of the Snowden files on the instruction of MI6.”

Vocativ in “The Most Bonkers Panama Papers Conspiracy” give the main themes guiding the conspiracy narrative such as this is an attack on enemies of western capitalism, distraction from US election, and strategic/tactical leak but the most terrible of them all is “Brace yourself for a staged terrorist attack”:

Many conspiracy theorists do think this leak is legitimate, but they think the “global elite” will soon create a massive distraction. One popular post on r/Conspiracy by chugs1984 contends that intelligence agencies within the affected countries will orchestrate “a good ole terrorist attack on a major western city,” and suggested that “some sleep[e]r cell is being activated right now and we’ll see something major within the next 12-24 hrs.”

Two Resolute Men Founding A Novel Pakistan

By: Azhar Azam

A knotty duet of General Raheel Sharif and Imran Khan jointly while working separately surfaced the belief in nation that together they can meet social, economic, political, strategic and terror challenges without relying on international support.

An inspirational wave of change in the political history of Pakistan in general elections-2013 manifested when the crescent of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaaf (PTI), movement for justice, lingered on the national horizon.

Piloted by Imran Khan, former captain of national cricket team, the party indisputably flustered the domination of two traditional political parties, Pakistan People’s Party (PPP) and Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz), taking turns one by one since democracy re-evolved in 1988.

In 2013, he rocked the stage wherever he traveled all over Pakistan attributed to his charismatic personality, belligerent attitude, blatant approach and smashing criticism on two recurring political parties of the country.

In the twinkling of an eye, his revolutionary thoughts fueled the people to follow him for building a new Pakistan where merit, accountability, poverty alleviation, respect for citizens beyond status & power, education, health, purging country’s begging posture, equal distribution of wealth, and creating a terror-free milieu should be the focal points.

Though these are considered to be the typical political statements entailed I almost every party’s manifesto but the ardor and integrity with which he invited and roused people has been more of magnificence. Thus his each and every political campaign was generously responded by fully charged, amorous and vivacious public.

However in 2013 general elections, his party could not realize the expected results owing to certain debatable events and alleged rigging in polls. Therefore, on Independence Day, he went for long march which turned later into the sit-in after government purposely delayed accepting his demand to open, verify four constituencies’ votes.

Spanning nearly 126 days of sit-in, he sternly accused government for election rigging besides trouncing its economic and international policies, highlighting corruption and nepotism in federal and provincial appointments. The sit-in nonetheless was called over after brutal terrorist attack on Army Public School (APS) Peshawar killing 142-innocent kids and school teaching and administrative staff.

The government somehow survived the onslaught of Imran Khan but by the time, he was succeeded exceedingly to widely spread his message to make people realize their rights, respect, magnitude for justice, valor to refuse unlawful orders, and the urge to demand transparency in public funds.

Not to the power but to the killings of innocent people, he shelved the sit-in but his struggle is not going to stop as he is as stanch as he was to get Pakistan and its public the rights and respect, they deserve hence laying a solid base of a new Pakistan.

Year 2013 unleashed another stubborn, dazzling entity on the national sphere when General Raheel Sharif took over as army chief from General Ashfaq Pervaiz Kiyyani. Apparently a very calm and composed General, he is highly extolled by ex-army officers for his professional skills, noble nature and character traits as soldier.

While he is also carrying the pride of two martyrs of 1965 and 1971 wars against India from his family, Major Raja Aziz Bhatti Shaheed (Uncle) and Major Shabbir Sharif (Shaheed). Both of them were conferred Nishan-e-Haider for their bravery, the highest military award in Pakistan.

While sit-in by PTI in Islamabad, capital city of Pakistan, the government tried to make him controversial stating he himself is interested to assert a role as army chief to call off the sit-in but withdrawing from the statement next day after DG ISPR denied any kind of such intent by General Raheel Sharif himself but on the request of government. Seeing the sensitivity of the political circumstances, he sharply extracted himself from the mediation role between government and opposition wisely.

Infuriated over APS attack which stunned the whole world, General Raheel Sharif intervened to break off PTI sit-in and further facilitated all national, regional political parties to participate in All Parties Conference (APC) together to counter the common ogre, terrorism.

Then we all witnessed a reinforced General Raheel Shrif after December 2014 expanding Zarb-e-Azb, an operation to curb terrorism, to northern areas of Pakistan. His immense efforts, thorough professionalism, and aggressive approach quickly to tuck terrorism earned him respect from within and outside the country.

He tactically handled political parties while going all out after the terrorists without any discrimination of good or bad cop. In a few months, he turned out to be national hero highly acclaimed by domestic, international media and states’ heads.

Taking bold and brave actions, he launched operation in no go areas of Pakistan followed by supporting Rangers in operation to clean up the most populated city of Pakistan, Karachi terrorists, terror financers and criminals. In Baluchistan, he propped up Frontier Corps (FC) and armed forces to effectively restore peace in the area that was sabotaged by terrorists and rebels and cross border infiltration making him “most ever loved army chief” ever.

There were a number of times when many of the think tanks, intellectuals and public opinion suggested that he should take over but he remained unflappable without falling in the lust to rule the country. His selfless, dedicated and object-oriented slant augmented his popularity to sky-high, as indicated in various polls conducted time to time.

While fighting the terrorism, he realized world the sacrifices by Pakistan people and law enforcement agencies in this unconventional guerrilla warfare. As a result of his efforts, countries from east-to-west and north-to- south are now recognizing Pakistan’s immeasurable contributions in war on terror.

Whenever it is an occasion of Eid or any other congenial event or a holiday, this soldier of Pakistan Army General Raheel Sharif is always located with the troops fighting on front lines as a responsible leader, caring father. At the same time, he keep on visiting countries from Afghanistan, United Arab Emirates (UAE), Iran, Saudi Arabia and Sri Lanka to China, Russia, South Africa, United Kingdom and United States to share thoughts, causes and challenges in war on terror. One day, he is seen in United States, United Kingdom and the other day he is found in Afghanistan or in tribal areas with soldiers of Pakistan.

Not over, he slotted in a very assertive role in further deepening the sturdy relations with China by expanding military and economic cooperation. It was he who assured China to give fool proof security to historic CPEC (China-Pakistan Economic Corridor), a fate-changer project for both China and Pakistan.

To breaking ice with relations with cold war foe Russia, he visited Kremlin and met President Putin. The world media reported this to be one of the major break-through in Pak-Russo relations where both the countries will be exchanging intelligence information, and Russia would be investing in economic development of Pakistan and Pakistan to buy military equipment from Russia.

In Middle East and Saudi-Iran crisis, General Raheel Sharif once again gained applauds from world for his arbitration to resolve the issues. Saudi Arabia, the back bone of Pakistan economy, gives him great esteem for his endeavors to eradicate poisonous terror in Muslim countries thus invited him on the concluding ceremony of North Thunder military drill. Likewise, United Arab Emirates (UAE) also regard his capabilities and rank him high for the military expertise.

He also improved liaison with the United States to build the trust in military cooperation. US commanders in Afghanistan, CIA chiefs, and political administration of the United States have frequently admired his exertions to making the world much safer from the evil of terrorism. The initiative taken by him to commence peace talks between Afghan government and Taliban and the United States and China participating as observers is yet another landmark of General Raheel Sharif’s abiding, interminable successes.

It is none other than General Raheel Sharif who clogged the adventure dreams of India and silenced its clatter tone. Screaming of Pakistan-backed intruders in Kashmir and India, it has been now relatively hushed by him without retreating from inflexible stance of Pakistan on Kashmir. Instead now Pakistan, by capturing RAW agent has strained India pushing it on the back-foot and now tracking down the mode to escape such an embarrassment on international level.

The people of Pakistan should rise above from party-ism, self interests to take up the opportunity for themselves, for their future and for their children’s future and support both resolute men, Imran Khan and General Raheel Sharif, founding a navel Pakistan.